Docker

介绍

容器有点像轻量级的虚拟机，能够提供虚拟化的环境，但是成本开销小得多

Docker 属于 Linux 容器的一种封装，提供简单易用的容器使用接口。它是目前最流行的 Linux 容器解决方案。

Docker 将应用程序与该程序的依赖，打包在一个文件里面。运行这个文件，就会生成一个虚拟容器。程序在这个虚拟容器里运行，就好像在真实的物理机上运行一样。有了 Docker，就不用担心环境问题。

总体来说，Docker 的接口相当简单，用户可以方便地创建和使用容器，把自己的应用放入容器。容器还可以进行版本管理、复制、分享、修改，就像管理普通的代码一样。

用途

（1）提供一次性的环境。比如，本地测试他人的软件、持续集成的时候提供单元测试和构建的环境。

（2）提供弹性的云服务。因为 Docker 容器可以随开随关，很适合动态扩容和缩容。

（3）组建微服务架构。通过多个容器，一台机器可以跑多个服务，因此在本机就可以模拟出微服务架构。

安装

• https://hub.docker.com/editions/community/docker-ce-desktop-mac/

Run it

Open a command-line terminal, and try out some Docker commands.

• Run docker version to check that you have the latest release installed. ~~~ (base) stonedeMacBook-Pro:~ stone$ docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.8 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.17 Git commit: afacb8b Built: Wed Mar 11 01:21:11 2020 OS/Arch: darwin/amd64 Experimental: false

Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.8 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.17 Git commit: afacb8b Built: Wed Mar 11 01:29:16 2020 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: v1.2.13 GitCommit: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc10 GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683

- Run `docker run hello-world` to verify that Docker is pulling images and running as expected.

(base) stonedeMacBook-Pro:~ stone$ docker run hello-world Unable to find image ‘hello-world:latest’ locally latest: Pulling from library/hello-world 0e03bdcc26d7: Pull complete Digest: sha256:6a65f928fb91fcfbc963f7aa6d57c8eeb426ad9a20c7ee045538ef34847f44f1 Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker! This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the “hello-world” image from the Docker Hub. (amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with: $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID: https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit: https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

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